Higgs Boson and Beyond
The importance of Higgs boson July 4, 2012 was a very important day in the circle of particle physicists. On that day, the particle was discovered for which experiments had been going on for about forty to fifty years. Do you think that this tireless work and search is only for one particle? Is this hard work a sign of insanity? no . It is a matter of human curiosity. Which is very important for development. When radio waves were discovered, it was thought to be useless. We now do a lot of work using them on a daily basis.Radio waves are very important. Similarly, the Higgs boson and its field are very important because it has enabled us to better understand the nature of the universe. When Higgs Bozan was discovered, there was an earthquake everywhere. News broadcast on TV said that physicists had discovered the God particle. Higgs boson was named God Particle by Leon Lederman. Who is himself a Nobel Prize-winning physicist. Why did they do that? For attention only. If Hughes Bowzen's name had been mentioned in TV programs, no one would have paid much attention to it. What difference would it have made to anyone? An attempt was made to highlight the importance of this particle by taking advantage of human psychology.Unfortunately, the name God Particle also caused a lot of misconceptions. People began to understand that it had to do with the existence of God. This particle will determine whether there is a God or not. Which, of course, made the video an overnight sensation. In this regard, we will write Higgs Bozan and now it is rarely called and written as God Particle.
Higgs boson is very
difficult to understand. One of the reasons for this is that when we look at
the world, its nature seems particle-like. We are made of matter. Matter is
made up of atoms. The atom is made up of the nucleus and the electrons around
it. The nucleus itself is made up of protons and neutrons. And made up of
protons and neutron quarks. They are considered particles, but caution is
required. Here we see another nature of matter, which is called wave nature. That
is, we see electrons and other particles in a wave-like observation and
experiment. This is why it is called wave particle duality nature. So the
natural question is, what is this universe made of?
Is it made up of waves? Is
it made up of particles? According to modern theory, our universe is not made
up of particles, but our universe is made up of quantum fields. Particles are
not fundamental. Fields are the basis. Fields and particles are not the same.
Particles have some place or other. But the fields themselves are spread
everywhere in the universe, they themselves are not made up of any substance or
object. In a way, these are numbers that are everywhere in space and time. But
these numbers can vary in space and time. There may be zero somewhere. Like in
space. Now a valuable question arises as to whether the value of all the fields
is zero in space? Our common sense says that since there will be no vibrations
or disturbances in the fields in space, it is obvious. The value of all will be
zero in space. But this is our common sense, not reality. And in fact, the
Higgs field is a field whose value is not zero in space, even in space, the
Higgs field is being disrupted. While the value of the remaining fields is
zero. Because there is no disturbance.
The
particles are vibrating.
What are particles
themselves? That's a good and important question. Modern theory tells us that
as many particles as there are, such as photons, electrons, etc., they are
vibrations in quantum fields. As the quantum fields vibrate and we observe
them, we see them. Exactly the same Higgs boson particle vibrates in the Higgs
field. But the important thing here is the Higgs field, not the Higgs boson
particle. Higgs field is important and special.
The
role of Higgs Field
The role of Higgs field in
modern physics is important in two important respects.
1.
Controls the interaction of
weak nuclear forces. Long ago it was a mystery that nuclear forces are very
small scale. While gravity and electromagnetism are the two major forces. But why
is that? It was a mystery. Among the nuclear forces, especially the weak
nuclear force, is the shortest distance because the lines of force from one
particle to another are absorbed by the Higgs field, which makes the force very
large. It also has a very beautiful and wonderful metaphor.
From which we can understand
that suppose you are standing at night. The weather is bad and there is fog
everywhere. You have a friend who has a lantern in his hand. Who is now
measuring his way home with you. As he goes away. You will see that the light
of the lantern in his hand is dimming. There are two reasons for this. One
reason is that your friend's distance from you is increasing.
And when light travels a
long distance, it spreads far and wide. And the longer the distance, the more
it spreads. This is why we see distant light dim, because the energy of light
is not concentrated in a very small space, it spreads everywhere. But there is
also fog in this example. The lines of force that Hughes Field absorbs are enough
to help him understand. Much of the light from the lantern was absorbed by the
fog, which made the lantern look very dim to you. And the light of the lantern
could last as short as a weak nuclear force. This example is particularly
relevant with Higgs field and weak nuclear power.
2.
Gives mass to elementary
particles. When we study elementary physics. In our school and college we do
this by saying that mass has its own characteristics. It doesn't depend on
anything else. Then we ignore, for our own convenience, that the mass of the
basic particles is not their own property, but the mass that the Higgs field
gives them.
You may also ask, when the
particles we see in the whole universe are disturbed or vibrated in the fields
themselves, then why call them particles? The reason why they are not called
vibrations directly in the field is because in particle physics it is also
correct to call them particles. Because in a way they look like particles. And
it also greatly simplifies the work of experts. Another question that is often
asked is whether light is a particle or a wave? Light or any other particle is
basically waves. These particles seem to be due to our observation.
Reference
1.The Higgs Boson and
Beyond by Sean M. Carroll
2.Higgs:The invention
and discovery of the 'God Particle' by Jim Baggott
3.Particles, Fields
and Forces , A Conceptual Guide to Quantum Field Theory and the Standard Model
